Historians focusing on World War I state that the United States wanted to remain isolated and neutral. Part of that position is that the general consensus in the U.S. was that the war in Europe was Europe’s concern and had nothing to do with the United States. Maybe. But for millions of ...

“Living in a bubble, in and out of time, I stick my head out every once in a while,” – Gary Louris With an understated thud, the storm door shut behind me. What it closed off with its glass and aluminum structure was the warmth and glow of our comfortable, suburban home at the edge ...

Many historians agree that the strike of 1913 was the single most traumatic event suffered by the Michigan copper district. If that is true, it deserves consideration from more perspectives than just “us and them.” In April 1914, local elections included many members of the Western ...

The mine strike of 1913, which officially began on July 23, was not yet four months old when Mining and Engineering World printed an editorial in its Nov. 15, 1913 edition titled “Why the Lake Copper Strike Will Fail.” The editorial began by saying that while at the time the article was ...

The attitude of the Lake Superior copper mining companies toward trammers had, by 1913, created a labor shortage that negatively impacted what trammers they had. Ocha Potter, superintendent of the Superior Mine, a subsidiary of the Calumet and Hecla Mining Company, testified during the U.S. ...

What was the cost of living in the Copper Country in the first decades of the 20th century? Rows and rows of stocked shelves crowding stores did not guarantee an end to frontier-era dietary limitations or food scarcity in Copper Country households, particularly those with low income. There ...